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cumulative distributions  (MathWorks Inc)
96
MathWorks Inc cumulative distributions
Entrainment of the pStr neuronal firing by 4 Hz oscillations (A) Phase modulation of the pStr neuron firing with respect to 4 Hz oscillations referenced to the pStr (top), dLGN (middle), and VC (bottom) during the early (left), middle (middle), and late (right) learning stages. Only significantly phase-modulated neurons are shown ( p < 0.05, Rayleigh test). The color scale represents the normalized firing rate of each neuron. The proportions of significantly phase-modulated neurons (early, middle, and late) were as follows: pStr-referenced, 22.9%, 18.9%, and 33.8%; dLGN-referenced, 22.9%, 22.3%, and 23.7%; and VC-referenced, 8.3%, 17.6%, and 20.2%. (B) <t>Cumulative</t> density function of phase modulation strength statistics log Z (Rayleigh Z statistic) for the pStr neurons. Green, blue, and purple lines represent the early, middle, and late stages, respectively. (C) Proportion of the pStr neurons phase-locked to 4 Hz oscillations referenced to the pStr (left), dLGN (middle), and VC (right) at each learning stage. Vertical bars represent the 95% confidence intervals (Clopper-Pearson method). (D) Histograms of preferred phase for the pStr neurons with respect to pStr (top), dLGN (middle), and VC (bottom) 4 Hz oscillations at the early (left), middle (middle), and late (right) learning stages. (E) Schematic of the hypothetical visual pathways conveying task-relevant information. After learning, the 4 Hz coherence between the pStr and visual areas increases, and a larger fraction of the pStr neurons is phase-modulated by visual-area 4 Hz oscillations. This strengthens functional connectivity between the pStr and visual areas, enabling rapid information transfer to downstream targets and improving task efficiency.
Cumulative Distributions, supplied by MathWorks Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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software, version 6.0  (GraphPad Software Inc)
90
GraphPad Software Inc software, version 6.0
Entrainment of the pStr neuronal firing by 4 Hz oscillations (A) Phase modulation of the pStr neuron firing with respect to 4 Hz oscillations referenced to the pStr (top), dLGN (middle), and VC (bottom) during the early (left), middle (middle), and late (right) learning stages. Only significantly phase-modulated neurons are shown ( p < 0.05, Rayleigh test). The color scale represents the normalized firing rate of each neuron. The proportions of significantly phase-modulated neurons (early, middle, and late) were as follows: pStr-referenced, 22.9%, 18.9%, and 33.8%; dLGN-referenced, 22.9%, 22.3%, and 23.7%; and VC-referenced, 8.3%, 17.6%, and 20.2%. (B) <t>Cumulative</t> density function of phase modulation strength statistics log Z (Rayleigh Z statistic) for the pStr neurons. Green, blue, and purple lines represent the early, middle, and late stages, respectively. (C) Proportion of the pStr neurons phase-locked to 4 Hz oscillations referenced to the pStr (left), dLGN (middle), and VC (right) at each learning stage. Vertical bars represent the 95% confidence intervals (Clopper-Pearson method). (D) Histograms of preferred phase for the pStr neurons with respect to pStr (top), dLGN (middle), and VC (bottom) 4 Hz oscillations at the early (left), middle (middle), and late (right) learning stages. (E) Schematic of the hypothetical visual pathways conveying task-relevant information. After learning, the 4 Hz coherence between the pStr and visual areas increases, and a larger fraction of the pStr neurons is phase-modulated by visual-area 4 Hz oscillations. This strengthens functional connectivity between the pStr and visual areas, enabling rapid information transfer to downstream targets and improving task efficiency.
Software, Version 6.0, supplied by GraphPad Software Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/software, version 6.0/product/GraphPad Software Inc
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
software, version 6.0 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-05
90/100 stars
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Image Search Results


Entrainment of the pStr neuronal firing by 4 Hz oscillations (A) Phase modulation of the pStr neuron firing with respect to 4 Hz oscillations referenced to the pStr (top), dLGN (middle), and VC (bottom) during the early (left), middle (middle), and late (right) learning stages. Only significantly phase-modulated neurons are shown ( p < 0.05, Rayleigh test). The color scale represents the normalized firing rate of each neuron. The proportions of significantly phase-modulated neurons (early, middle, and late) were as follows: pStr-referenced, 22.9%, 18.9%, and 33.8%; dLGN-referenced, 22.9%, 22.3%, and 23.7%; and VC-referenced, 8.3%, 17.6%, and 20.2%. (B) Cumulative density function of phase modulation strength statistics log Z (Rayleigh Z statistic) for the pStr neurons. Green, blue, and purple lines represent the early, middle, and late stages, respectively. (C) Proportion of the pStr neurons phase-locked to 4 Hz oscillations referenced to the pStr (left), dLGN (middle), and VC (right) at each learning stage. Vertical bars represent the 95% confidence intervals (Clopper-Pearson method). (D) Histograms of preferred phase for the pStr neurons with respect to pStr (top), dLGN (middle), and VC (bottom) 4 Hz oscillations at the early (left), middle (middle), and late (right) learning stages. (E) Schematic of the hypothetical visual pathways conveying task-relevant information. After learning, the 4 Hz coherence between the pStr and visual areas increases, and a larger fraction of the pStr neurons is phase-modulated by visual-area 4 Hz oscillations. This strengthens functional connectivity between the pStr and visual areas, enabling rapid information transfer to downstream targets and improving task efficiency.

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Learning-dependent 4 Hz synchronization in the posterior striatum, lateral geniculate nucleus, and visual cortex

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.113958

Figure Lengend Snippet: Entrainment of the pStr neuronal firing by 4 Hz oscillations (A) Phase modulation of the pStr neuron firing with respect to 4 Hz oscillations referenced to the pStr (top), dLGN (middle), and VC (bottom) during the early (left), middle (middle), and late (right) learning stages. Only significantly phase-modulated neurons are shown ( p < 0.05, Rayleigh test). The color scale represents the normalized firing rate of each neuron. The proportions of significantly phase-modulated neurons (early, middle, and late) were as follows: pStr-referenced, 22.9%, 18.9%, and 33.8%; dLGN-referenced, 22.9%, 22.3%, and 23.7%; and VC-referenced, 8.3%, 17.6%, and 20.2%. (B) Cumulative density function of phase modulation strength statistics log Z (Rayleigh Z statistic) for the pStr neurons. Green, blue, and purple lines represent the early, middle, and late stages, respectively. (C) Proportion of the pStr neurons phase-locked to 4 Hz oscillations referenced to the pStr (left), dLGN (middle), and VC (right) at each learning stage. Vertical bars represent the 95% confidence intervals (Clopper-Pearson method). (D) Histograms of preferred phase for the pStr neurons with respect to pStr (top), dLGN (middle), and VC (bottom) 4 Hz oscillations at the early (left), middle (middle), and late (right) learning stages. (E) Schematic of the hypothetical visual pathways conveying task-relevant information. After learning, the 4 Hz coherence between the pStr and visual areas increases, and a larger fraction of the pStr neurons is phase-modulated by visual-area 4 Hz oscillations. This strengthens functional connectivity between the pStr and visual areas, enabling rapid information transfer to downstream targets and improving task efficiency.

Article Snippet: The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to compare cumulative distributions (‘kstest.m’ function in MATLAB Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox).

Techniques: Functional Assay